PNG  IHDRxsBIT|d pHYs+tEXtSoftwarewww.inkscape.org<,tEXtComment File Manager

File Manager

Path: /opt/cloudlinux/venv/lib64/python3.11/site-packages/psycopg2/

Viewing File: sql.py

"""SQL composition utility module
"""

# psycopg/sql.py - SQL composition utility module
#
# Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Daniele Varrazzo  <daniele.varrazzo@gmail.com>
# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 The Psycopg Team
#
# psycopg2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
# permission to link this program with the OpenSSL library (or with
# modified versions of OpenSSL that use the same license as OpenSSL),
# and distribute linked combinations including the two.
#
# You must obey the GNU Lesser General Public License in all respects for
# all of the code used other than OpenSSL.
#
# psycopg2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
# License for more details.

import string

from psycopg2 import extensions as ext


_formatter = string.Formatter()


class Composable:
    """
    Abstract base class for objects that can be used to compose an SQL string.

    `!Composable` objects can be passed directly to `~cursor.execute()`,
    `~cursor.executemany()`, `~cursor.copy_expert()` in place of the query
    string.

    `!Composable` objects can be joined using the ``+`` operator: the result
    will be a `Composed` instance containing the objects joined. The operator
    ``*`` is also supported with an integer argument: the result is a
    `!Composed` instance containing the left argument repeated as many times as
    requested.
    """
    def __init__(self, wrapped):
        self._wrapped = wrapped

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._wrapped!r})"

    def as_string(self, context):
        """
        Return the string value of the object.

        :param context: the context to evaluate the string into.
        :type context: `connection` or `cursor`

        The method is automatically invoked by `~cursor.execute()`,
        `~cursor.executemany()`, `~cursor.copy_expert()` if a `!Composable` is
        passed instead of the query string.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def __add__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, Composed):
            return Composed([self]) + other
        if isinstance(other, Composable):
            return Composed([self]) + Composed([other])
        else:
            return NotImplemented

    def __mul__(self, n):
        return Composed([self] * n)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return type(self) is type(other) and self._wrapped == other._wrapped

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)


class Composed(Composable):
    """
    A `Composable` object made of a sequence of `!Composable`.

    The object is usually created using `!Composable` operators and methods.
    However it is possible to create a `!Composed` directly specifying a
    sequence of `!Composable` as arguments.

    Example::

        >>> comp = sql.Composed(
        ...     [sql.SQL("insert into "), sql.Identifier("table")])
        >>> print(comp.as_string(conn))
        insert into "table"

    `!Composed` objects are iterable (so they can be used in `SQL.join` for
    instance).
    """
    def __init__(self, seq):
        wrapped = []
        for i in seq:
            if not isinstance(i, Composable):
                raise TypeError(
                    f"Composed elements must be Composable, got {i!r} instead")
            wrapped.append(i)

        super().__init__(wrapped)

    @property
    def seq(self):
        """The list of the content of the `!Composed`."""
        return list(self._wrapped)

    def as_string(self, context):
        rv = []
        for i in self._wrapped:
            rv.append(i.as_string(context))
        return ''.join(rv)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self._wrapped)

    def __add__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, Composed):
            return Composed(self._wrapped + other._wrapped)
        if isinstance(other, Composable):
            return Composed(self._wrapped + [other])
        else:
            return NotImplemented

    def join(self, joiner):
        """
        Return a new `!Composed` interposing the *joiner* with the `!Composed` items.

        The *joiner* must be a `SQL` or a string which will be interpreted as
        an `SQL`.

        Example::

            >>> fields = sql.Identifier('foo') + sql.Identifier('bar')  # a Composed
            >>> print(fields.join(', ').as_string(conn))
            "foo", "bar"

        """
        if isinstance(joiner, str):
            joiner = SQL(joiner)
        elif not isinstance(joiner, SQL):
            raise TypeError(
                "Composed.join() argument must be a string or an SQL")

        return joiner.join(self)


class SQL(Composable):
    """
    A `Composable` representing a snippet of SQL statement.

    `!SQL` exposes `join()` and `format()` methods useful to create a template
    where to merge variable parts of a query (for instance field or table
    names).

    The *string* doesn't undergo any form of escaping, so it is not suitable to
    represent variable identifiers or values: you should only use it to pass
    constant strings representing templates or snippets of SQL statements; use
    other objects such as `Identifier` or `Literal` to represent variable
    parts.

    Example::

        >>> query = sql.SQL("select {0} from {1}").format(
        ...    sql.SQL(', ').join([sql.Identifier('foo'), sql.Identifier('bar')]),
        ...    sql.Identifier('table'))
        >>> print(query.as_string(conn))
        select "foo", "bar" from "table"
    """
    def __init__(self, string):
        if not isinstance(string, str):
            raise TypeError("SQL values must be strings")
        super().__init__(string)

    @property
    def string(self):
        """The string wrapped by the `!SQL` object."""
        return self._wrapped

    def as_string(self, context):
        return self._wrapped

    def format(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Merge `Composable` objects into a template.

        :param `Composable` args: parameters to replace to numbered
            (``{0}``, ``{1}``) or auto-numbered (``{}``) placeholders
        :param `Composable` kwargs: parameters to replace to named (``{name}``)
            placeholders
        :return: the union of the `!SQL` string with placeholders replaced
        :rtype: `Composed`

        The method is similar to the Python `str.format()` method: the string
        template supports auto-numbered (``{}``), numbered (``{0}``,
        ``{1}``...), and named placeholders (``{name}``), with positional
        arguments replacing the numbered placeholders and keywords replacing
        the named ones. However placeholder modifiers (``{0!r}``, ``{0:<10}``)
        are not supported. Only `!Composable` objects can be passed to the
        template.

        Example::

            >>> print(sql.SQL("select * from {} where {} = %s")
            ...     .format(sql.Identifier('people'), sql.Identifier('id'))
            ...     .as_string(conn))
            select * from "people" where "id" = %s

            >>> print(sql.SQL("select * from {tbl} where {pkey} = %s")
            ...     .format(tbl=sql.Identifier('people'), pkey=sql.Identifier('id'))
            ...     .as_string(conn))
            select * from "people" where "id" = %s

        """
        rv = []
        autonum = 0
        for pre, name, spec, conv in _formatter.parse(self._wrapped):
            if spec:
                raise ValueError("no format specification supported by SQL")
            if conv:
                raise ValueError("no format conversion supported by SQL")
            if pre:
                rv.append(SQL(pre))

            if name is None:
                continue

            if name.isdigit():
                if autonum:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "cannot switch from automatic field numbering to manual")
                rv.append(args[int(name)])
                autonum = None

            elif not name:
                if autonum is None:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "cannot switch from manual field numbering to automatic")
                rv.append(args[autonum])
                autonum += 1

            else:
                rv.append(kwargs[name])

        return Composed(rv)

    def join(self, seq):
        """
        Join a sequence of `Composable`.

        :param seq: the elements to join.
        :type seq: iterable of `!Composable`

        Use the `!SQL` object's *string* to separate the elements in *seq*.
        Note that `Composed` objects are iterable too, so they can be used as
        argument for this method.

        Example::

            >>> snip = sql.SQL(', ').join(
            ...     sql.Identifier(n) for n in ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'])
            >>> print(snip.as_string(conn))
            "foo", "bar", "baz"
        """
        rv = []
        it = iter(seq)
        try:
            rv.append(next(it))
        except StopIteration:
            pass
        else:
            for i in it:
                rv.append(self)
                rv.append(i)

        return Composed(rv)


class Identifier(Composable):
    """
    A `Composable` representing an SQL identifier or a dot-separated sequence.

    Identifiers usually represent names of database objects, such as tables or
    fields. PostgreSQL identifiers follow `different rules`__ than SQL string
    literals for escaping (e.g. they use double quotes instead of single).

    .. __: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-syntax-lexical.html# \
        SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS

    Example::

        >>> t1 = sql.Identifier("foo")
        >>> t2 = sql.Identifier("ba'r")
        >>> t3 = sql.Identifier('ba"z')
        >>> print(sql.SQL(', ').join([t1, t2, t3]).as_string(conn))
        "foo", "ba'r", "ba""z"

    Multiple strings can be passed to the object to represent a qualified name,
    i.e. a dot-separated sequence of identifiers.

    Example::

        >>> query = sql.SQL("select {} from {}").format(
        ...     sql.Identifier("table", "field"),
        ...     sql.Identifier("schema", "table"))
        >>> print(query.as_string(conn))
        select "table"."field" from "schema"."table"

    """
    def __init__(self, *strings):
        if not strings:
            raise TypeError("Identifier cannot be empty")

        for s in strings:
            if not isinstance(s, str):
                raise TypeError("SQL identifier parts must be strings")

        super().__init__(strings)

    @property
    def strings(self):
        """A tuple with the strings wrapped by the `Identifier`."""
        return self._wrapped

    @property
    def string(self):
        """The string wrapped by the `Identifier`.
        """
        if len(self._wrapped) == 1:
            return self._wrapped[0]
        else:
            raise AttributeError(
                "the Identifier wraps more than one than one string")

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({', '.join(map(repr, self._wrapped))})"

    def as_string(self, context):
        return '.'.join(ext.quote_ident(s, context) for s in self._wrapped)


class Literal(Composable):
    """
    A `Composable` representing an SQL value to include in a query.

    Usually you will want to include placeholders in the query and pass values
    as `~cursor.execute()` arguments. If however you really really need to
    include a literal value in the query you can use this object.

    The string returned by `!as_string()` follows the normal :ref:`adaptation
    rules <python-types-adaptation>` for Python objects.

    Example::

        >>> s1 = sql.Literal("foo")
        >>> s2 = sql.Literal("ba'r")
        >>> s3 = sql.Literal(42)
        >>> print(sql.SQL(', ').join([s1, s2, s3]).as_string(conn))
        'foo', 'ba''r', 42

    """
    @property
    def wrapped(self):
        """The object wrapped by the `!Literal`."""
        return self._wrapped

    def as_string(self, context):
        # is it a connection or cursor?
        if isinstance(context, ext.connection):
            conn = context
        elif isinstance(context, ext.cursor):
            conn = context.connection
        else:
            raise TypeError("context must be a connection or a cursor")

        a = ext.adapt(self._wrapped)
        if hasattr(a, 'prepare'):
            a.prepare(conn)

        rv = a.getquoted()
        if isinstance(rv, bytes):
            rv = rv.decode(ext.encodings[conn.encoding])

        return rv


class Placeholder(Composable):
    """A `Composable` representing a placeholder for query parameters.

    If the name is specified, generate a named placeholder (e.g. ``%(name)s``),
    otherwise generate a positional placeholder (e.g. ``%s``).

    The object is useful to generate SQL queries with a variable number of
    arguments.

    Examples::

        >>> names = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']

        >>> q1 = sql.SQL("insert into table ({}) values ({})").format(
        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(map(sql.Identifier, names)),
        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(sql.Placeholder() * len(names)))
        >>> print(q1.as_string(conn))
        insert into table ("foo", "bar", "baz") values (%s, %s, %s)

        >>> q2 = sql.SQL("insert into table ({}) values ({})").format(
        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(map(sql.Identifier, names)),
        ...     sql.SQL(', ').join(map(sql.Placeholder, names)))
        >>> print(q2.as_string(conn))
        insert into table ("foo", "bar", "baz") values (%(foo)s, %(bar)s, %(baz)s)

    """

    def __init__(self, name=None):
        if isinstance(name, str):
            if ')' in name:
                raise ValueError(f"invalid name: {name!r}")

        elif name is not None:
            raise TypeError(f"expected string or None as name, got {name!r}")

        super().__init__(name)

    @property
    def name(self):
        """The name of the `!Placeholder`."""
        return self._wrapped

    def __repr__(self):
        if self._wrapped is None:
            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}()"
        else:
            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._wrapped!r})"

    def as_string(self, context):
        if self._wrapped is not None:
            return f"%({self._wrapped})s"
        else:
            return "%s"


# Literals
NULL = SQL("NULL")
DEFAULT = SQL("DEFAULT")
b IDATxytVսϓ22 A@IR :hCiZ[v*E:WũZA ^dQeQ @ !jZ'>gsV仿$|?g)&x-EIENT ;@xT.i%-X}SvS5.r/UHz^_$-W"w)Ɗ/@Z &IoX P$K}JzX:;` &, ŋui,e6mX ԵrKb1ԗ)DADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADADA݀!I*]R;I2$eZ#ORZSrr6mteffu*((Pu'v{DIߔ4^pIm'77WEEE;vƎ4-$]'RI{\I&G :IHJ DWBB=\WR޽m o$K(V9ABB.}jѢv`^?IOȅ} ڶmG}T#FJ`56$-ھ}FI&v;0(h;Б38CӧOWf!;A i:F_m9s&|q%=#wZprrrla A &P\\СC[A#! {olF} `E2}MK/vV)i{4BffV\|ۭX`b@kɶ@%i$K z5zhmX[IXZ` 'b%$r5M4º/l ԃߖxhʔ)[@=} K6IM}^5k㏷݆z ΗÿO:gdGBmyT/@+Vɶ纽z񕏵l.y޴it뭷zV0[Y^>Wsqs}\/@$(T7f.InݺiR$푔n.~?H))\ZRW'Mo~v Ov6oԃxz! S,&xm/yɞԟ?'uaSѽb,8GלKboi&3t7Y,)JJ c[nzӳdE&KsZLӄ I?@&%ӟ۶mSMMњ0iؐSZ,|J+N ~,0A0!5%Q-YQQa3}$_vVrf9f?S8`zDADADADADADADADADAdqP,تmMmg1V?rSI꒟]u|l RCyEf٢9 jURbztѰ!m5~tGj2DhG*{H9)꒟ר3:(+3\?/;TUݭʴ~S6lڧUJ*i$d(#=Yݺd{,p|3B))q:vN0Y.jkק6;SɶVzHJJЀ-utѹսk>QUU\޲~]fFnK?&ߡ5b=z9)^|u_k-[y%ZNU6 7Mi:]ۦtk[n X(e6Bb."8cۭ|~teuuw|ήI-5"~Uk;ZicEmN/:]M> cQ^uiƞ??Ңpc#TUU3UakNwA`:Y_V-8.KKfRitv޲* 9S6ֿj,ՃNOMߤ]z^fOh|<>@Å5 _/Iu?{SY4hK/2]4%it5q]GGe2%iR| W&f*^]??vq[LgE_3f}Fxu~}qd-ږFxu~I N>\;͗O֊:̗WJ@BhW=y|GgwܷH_NY?)Tdi'?խwhlmQi !SUUsw4kӺe4rfxu-[nHtMFj}H_u~w>)oV}(T'ebʒv3_[+vn@Ȭ\S}ot}w=kHFnxg S 0eޢm~l}uqZfFoZuuEg `zt~? b;t%>WTkķh[2eG8LIWx,^\thrl^Ϊ{=dž<}qV@ ⠨Wy^LF_>0UkDuʫuCs$)Iv:IK;6ֲ4{^6եm+l3>݆uM 9u?>Zc }g~qhKwڭeFMM~pМuqǿz6Tb@8@Y|jx](^]gf}M"tG -w.@vOqh~/HII`S[l.6nØXL9vUcOoB\xoǤ'T&IǍQw_wpv[kmO{w~>#=P1Pɞa-we:iǏlHo׈꒟f9SzH?+shk%Fs:qVhqY`jvO'ρ?PyX3lх]˾uV{ݞ]1,MzYNW~̈́ joYn}ȚF߾׮mS]F z+EDxm/d{F{-W-4wY듏:??_gPf ^3ecg ҵs8R2מz@TANGj)}CNi/R~}c:5{!ZHӋӾ6}T]G]7W6^n 9*,YqOZj:P?Q DFL|?-^.Ɵ7}fFh׶xe2Pscz1&5\cn[=Vn[ĶE鎀uˌd3GII k;lNmشOuuRVfBE]ۣeӶu :X-[(er4~LHi6:Ѻ@ԅrST0trk%$Č0ez" *z"T/X9|8.C5Feg}CQ%͞ˣJvL/?j^h&9xF`њZ(&yF&Iݻfg#W;3^{Wo^4'vV[[K';+mӍִ]AC@W?1^{එyh +^]fm~iԵ]AB@WTk̏t uR?l.OIHiYyԶ]Aˀ7c:q}ힽaf6Z~қm(+sK4{^6}T*UUu]n.:kx{:2 _m=sAߤU@?Z-Vކеz왍Nэ{|5 pڶn b p-@sPg]0G7fy-M{GCF'%{4`=$-Ge\ eU:m+Zt'WjO!OAF@ik&t݆ϥ_ e}=]"Wz_.͜E3leWFih|t-wZۍ-uw=6YN{6|} |*={Ѽn.S.z1zjۻTH]흾 DuDvmvK.`V]yY~sI@t?/ϓ. m&["+P?MzovVЫG3-GRR[(!!\_,^%?v@ҵő m`Y)tem8GMx.))A]Y i`ViW`?^~!S#^+ѽGZj?Vģ0.))A꨷lzL*]OXrY`DBBLOj{-MH'ii-ϰ ok7^ )쭡b]UXSְmռY|5*cֽk0B7镹%ڽP#8nȎq}mJr23_>lE5$iwui+ H~F`IjƵ@q \ @#qG0".0" l`„.0! ,AQHN6qzkKJ#o;`Xv2>,tێJJ7Z/*A .@fفjMzkg @TvZH3Zxu6Ra'%O?/dQ5xYkU]Rֽkق@DaS^RSּ5|BeHNN͘p HvcYcC5:y #`οb;z2.!kr}gUWkyZn=f Pvsn3p~;4p˚=ē~NmI] ¾ 0lH[_L hsh_ғߤc_њec)g7VIZ5yrgk̞W#IjӪv>՞y睝M8[|]\շ8M6%|@PZڨI-m>=k='aiRo-x?>Q.}`Ȏ:Wsmu u > .@,&;+!!˱tﭧDQwRW\vF\~Q7>spYw$%A~;~}6¾ g&if_=j,v+UL1(tWake:@Ș>j$Gq2t7S?vL|]u/ .(0E6Mk6hiۺzښOrifޱxm/Gx> Lal%%~{lBsR4*}{0Z/tNIɚpV^#Lf:u@k#RSu =S^ZyuR/.@n&΃z~B=0eg뺆#,Þ[B/?H uUf7y Wy}Bwegל`Wh(||`l`.;Ws?V@"c:iɍL֯PGv6zctM̠':wuW;d=;EveD}9J@B(0iհ bvP1{\P&G7D޴Iy_$-Qjm~Yrr&]CDv%bh|Yzni_ˆR;kg}nJOIIwyuL}{ЌNj}:+3Y?:WJ/N+Rzd=hb;dj͒suݔ@NKMԄ jqzC5@y°hL m;*5ezᕏ=ep XL n?מ:r`۵tŤZ|1v`V뽧_csج'ߤ%oTuumk%%%h)uy]Nk[n 'b2 l.=͜E%gf$[c;s:V-͞WߤWh-j7]4=F-X]>ZLSi[Y*We;Zan(ӇW|e(HNNP5[= r4tP &0<pc#`vTNV GFqvTi*Tyam$ߏWyE*VJKMTfFw>'$-ؽ.Ho.8c"@DADADADADADADADADA~j*֘,N;Pi3599h=goضLgiJ5փy~}&Zd9p֚ e:|hL``b/d9p? fgg+%%hMgXosج, ΩOl0Zh=xdjLmhݻoO[g_l,8a]٭+ӧ0$I]c]:粹:Teꢢ"5a^Kgh,&= =՟^߶“ߢE ܹS J}I%:8 IDAT~,9/ʃPW'Mo}zNƍ쨓zPbNZ~^z=4mswg;5 Y~SVMRXUյڱRf?s:w ;6H:ºi5-maM&O3;1IKeamZh͛7+##v+c ~u~ca]GnF'ټL~PPPbn voC4R,ӟgg %hq}@#M4IÇ Oy^xMZx ) yOw@HkN˖-Sǎmb]X@n+i͖!++K3gd\$mt$^YfJ\8PRF)77Wא!Cl$i:@@_oG I{$# 8磌ŋ91A (Im7֭>}ߴJq7ޗt^ -[ԩSj*}%]&' -ɓ'ꫯVzzvB#;a 7@GxI{j޼ƌ.LÇWBB7`O"I$/@R @eee@۷>}0,ɒ2$53Xs|cS~rpTYYY} kHc %&k.], @ADADADADADADADADA@lT<%''*Lo^={رc5h %$+CnܸQ3fҥK}vUVVs9G R,_{xˇ3o߾;TTTd}馛]uuuG~iԩ@4bnvmvfϞ /Peeeq}}za I~,誫{UWW뮻}_~YƍSMMMYχ֝waw\ďcxꩧtEƍկ_?۷5@u?1kNׯWzz/wy>}zj3 k(ٺuq_Zvf̘:~ ABQ&r|!%KҥKgԞ={<_X-z !CyFUUz~ ABQIIIjݺW$UXXDٳZ~ ABQƍecW$<(~<RSSvZujjjԧOZQu@4 8m&&&jԩg$ď1h ͟?_{768@g =@`)))5o6m3)ѣƌJ;wҿUTT /KZR{~a=@0o<*狔iFɶ[ˎ;T]]OX@?K.ۈxN pppppppppppppppppPfl߾] ,{ァk۶mڿo5BTӦMӴiӴ|r DB2e|An!Dy'tkΝ[A $***t5' "!駟oaDnΝ:t֭[gDШQ06qD;@ x M6v(PiizmZ4ew"@̴ixf [~-Fٱc&IZ2|n!?$@{[HTɏ#@hȎI# _m(F /6Z3z'\r,r!;w2Z3j=~GY7"I$iI.p_"?pN`y DD?: _  Gÿab7J !Bx@0 Bo cG@`1C[@0G @`0C_u V1 aCX>W ` | `!<S `"<. `#c`?cAC4 ?c p#~@0?:08&_MQ1J h#?/`7;I  q 7a wQ A 1 Hp !#<8/#@1Ul7=S=K.4Z?E_$i@!1!E4?`P_  @Bă10#: "aU,xbFY1 [n|n #'vEH:`xb #vD4Y hi.i&EΖv#O H4IŶ}:Ikh @tZRF#(tXҙzZ ?I3l7q@õ|ۍ1,GpuY Ꮿ@hJv#xxk$ v#9 5 }_$c S#=+"K{F*m7`#%H:NRSp6I?sIՖ{Ap$I$I:QRv2$Z @UJ*$]<FO4IENDB`